Tilting Trains

Vishveshwaraya Technological University, Belgaum TILTING TRAINS discussion section OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING pic GUIDE VINAY B U PRESENTED BY ARUN navy blue 4SF09ME014 SYNOPSIS With the invention of new technologies in various features of the groom line raptus the human universes ar more benefited. One of the engineering that the rail musical mode engineers view is ab pop out the THE TILTING TRAINS, which provide the manoeuverengers and the goods to reach the goal with a minimum time.The engine room involved in TILTING TRAIN is that when ever the chooses pass over the yields and round shines of the railway cuts the com art objectitionments of the determine is flex to a certain angle by which the asks spate travel with no reduction in hie. By adopting this technology of TILTING TRAINS the rage out consumed by the gets stern be saved ,the tormentrs piece of ass feel encourage and also time stern be saved. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. paradox with brea ks 3. What is tilting train? 4. Why tilting helps? 5.How do trains tilt? 6. Problems associated in tilting the track 7. passenger comfort ness 8. Countries who authentic the tilting technology 9. Advantages and Disadvantages of tilting trains 10. Summary 11. Bibliography INTRODUCTION engineer is a mass transporter, which transports humans and goods from mavin place to an another(prenominal) place. We switch trains, which run by diesel and electricity. Among goods and passenger trains the most concern one is passenger trains. The passenger train should move quickly with naughty furthers.The rail road leave not be always straight it should pass through curves and spells. We completely know that if you are driving in your railway machine and you take a turning at whet you feel motor(a) forces. Well it is no different from trains, if a train takes a turning at speeds outward-developing forces will be experienced. The major worry for each trains is to pass over the curve s and turns of the railroads. If the train moves with the resembling speed at the curves and turns the train may slip from the track, so the speed of the train will be s dispiriteddown drastically to void slip.This results in wastage of fuel and in turn reduces the speed of the train, which is main consideration for the passenger trains. One of the solution embed to avoid this situation is the tilting trains. PROBLEMS WITH CORNERS We all know that if your driving in your car and you take a break at speed you feel centrifugal forces. Well it is no different from trains if a train takes a corner at speed consequently centrifugal forces come in. Often train operating companies face a decision for building a broad(prenominal) speed railway transport system hey can either confide money in the train to make it tilt but white plague live railway lines, or they invest money in a new railway but dont need to spend money on expensive tilting mechanisms. This is why TGV, and ICE and b ullet trains do not tilt, be drift they gull their own dedicated game speed railway lines where curves are strengthened with very last radii. It is worth pointing out that the centrifugal force is a function of v2/r where v is the velocity and r is the radius. This means if you ikon the velocity, you quadruple the centrifugal force.Similarly, if you want to triple the velocity but slide by the centrifugal force the same, you must increase the radius by a factor of nine Something not always possible. This is why even ostensibly gentle curves can be a great deal more of a problem with broad(prenominal) speeds than one might thing, because the force rises with the square of velocity. WHAT IS TILTING TRAIN ? Tilting train consists of a tilting mechanism that enables increased speed on regular tracks. In the upper part of the tilting trains that is in which the passengers are seated can be tilted sideways.During the motion of the train if the train has to steer to left in a left turning the coaches of the train will be tilted to the left in order to compensate the centrifugal ram to the practiced and conversely during the right turn. These trains are constructed such that inertial forces which cause the tilting can be controlled by a computer. If the trains travel at speeds more than the contract speeds at the turnings of the railway tracks their will be centrifugal forces acting on the train. Due to these centrifugal forces the train may slip and push out of the tracks.But in case of tilting trains which will not happen, because of the reason that centrifugal forces will be compensated by tilting mechanism. WHY TILTING HELPS? When sitting on a corner termination at speed on that point are deuce forces acting on you, gravitational force and the centrifugal force which is accelerating you into the corner. In physics when two forces act, then this causes a resultant force. The resultant force will push you into your seat and to the side. up to now if t he train is tilting, then the approach pattern contact force of you on your seat will be the same as the resultant force you are experiencing.This means as farthermostthermost as the passenger is concerned he or she is just being pulled into his or her seat, and he or she is use to that so no vexation is felt. This is true also of aero planes, commercial planes tilt a large amount, up to 30 degrees when sack around corners in some cases to cater for passenger comfort. As the tilting of the aero plane is to get rid of the problem of centrifugal forces, or more accurately to disguised the centrifugal forces as a part of gravitational force as far as the passengers are concerned. The only way you know if the aero plane is tilting is to look out of the window.Trains that tilt can go up to 25% to 40% faster around curves than conventional trains without upset the passengers, and as mentioned before this can significantly increase average speeds and arise journey time. HOW DO TRA INS TILT? Carriages adopt tilting mechanisms. Obviously the bogies cannot tilt because they ride on the track and must follow the path of the track. So the coaches have to tilt on the bogies. The way they do this is simple, the bogie acts a fulcrum in the center and it is free to tilt either side. Then pistons control how much the coach tilts. The pistons are controlled by a small computer, which uses a relish level.The spirit level is used to check if things are horizontal remember, i. e. at right angles to the resultant force acting. Normally this force is gravity, but when going round a corner the resultant is a combination of gravity and centrifugal forces. This means the spirit level indicates it is no longer horizontal, so the computer adjusts the pistons until horizontal is read. Again this will not be horizontal to the ground, but as far as anyone on the train is concerned it will be horizontal, keeping the passengers happy. In the early days they well-tried to use inerti al force to let the trains tilt i. e. hey would have no mechanism to make them tilt but the carriages would have a low center of gravity so centrifugal forces on the carriage would cause them to tilt. This be un thriving. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED IN TILTING THE TRACK Well on juicy speed lines the track in the UK is heavily banked up on corners, although going in a high speed train you dont notice it at all. now and then when a high speed train in the UK comes to a degree because of a red signal or something on a curve you can really notice how much its slanted, on a founder on a curve put a bottle on the floor and will slide crosswise to the other side.However there are limitations with tilting tracks, first of all the banking has to be designed with a specific speed in mind. A banked up track meant for 125mph trains is going to cause soreness to passengers in a local 75mph train, as when a torpider train goes round a banked corner it will make passengers feel homogeneous they are falling to a side. Of course you could build dedicated high speed lines, but then you would engineer them without base curves. This limits the extent to which tracks can be banked up. If the rack is banked in addition much for really fast trains, then if any train comes to a stop on the curve repayable to a red signal the slant will cause tenderness to passengers. besides arranging for the overhead pantrograph to make proper contact with a wire above a banked curve is a little tricky. all the way trains themselves need to tilt, then you get the double benefit of tilted track and tilting train, and the train can tilt to exactly suit the speed it is going at. PASSENGER COMFORTNESS One might think it is not safe to push a train round a corner at high speed. Indeed that is true. However the crucial thing is that the speed at which it becomes unsafe, i. . the speed at which there is bountiful force to push the train mangle the track is incredibly high. In fact the force needed wo uld be enough so that all passengers on the train couldnt move and would be stuck to the sides of the train. This implies that there is scope for increasing the speed of a train round corners a great deal without it becoming unsafe, however passengers will object. on that point are two reasons why it is bad for passengers. I have been on a late running Inter City 125 and it took a corner at some speed although only about 90mph and the corner wasnt tight enough to say see the train at the other end by looking out of the window.The corner wasnt tight enough to notice turning either. However you could feel the forces definitely, and empty cups rolled across tables, bags creaked and I felt pushed against the wall. Any faster and it would be extremely ill at ease(predicate) for passengers and they would rather the train slowed down and take a little longer. Also companies dont manage to run trains at speed round corners because it upsets passengers, as when capable to turning forces they may become worried the train is going to fly off the tracks (which incidentally has never happened). This might make people scatterbrained about traveling on high speed trains.The reason no one is ever nervous about traveling at well 200mph on a train is because it is smooth and constant. If it was doing corners at these speeds people wouldnt like it. People get freaked out doing 50mph on a roller coaster which involves tight curves, imagine how they feel when serious speed is involved Its all down to the forces a passenger feels, if a passenger feels a lot of noticeable forces then he or she is going to be nervous, and may avoid traveling on the train, or just choose a slow train. COUNTRIES WHO DEVELOPED THE TILTING TECHNOLOGY BritainThe UK was interested in developing the advanced passenger train for quite a while France The development of the tilting train in France began in 1956 when eng. Mauzin built and experimented a single car unit that used inertial (non-assisted) tilting. This experiment were suspended because a natural tilting proved too difficult to accomplish. France preferred to built a vast network of high speed lines and the development of TGV started in the early mid-seventies with a two-car modified turbo train. Today GEC-Alsthom has decided to start the development of a tilting TGV that has been delivered few weeks past for testing and trials.Spain With the ETR-401 Fiat delivered in 1976 a wide-gauge version to Spain that was designated Tren Basculante (RENFE Type 443). However like its Italian sibling it remained a single vehicle. Later Spain developed a tilting version of its own Talgo train (talgo pendular) that so far has proved itself the only successful example of natural tilting and has met with a huge success. the States/Canada The first experiments were carried over in the thirties with non-powered cars (called pendulum), but the first successful tilting train in the USA was the Sikorsky Turbo Train which incorporated a n inertial tilting mechanism.Later, in 1973 Amtrak tested an active tilting train called LRC (Light Rapid Comfortable) made of ten cars, that unfortunately had no success. Today Amtrak is trying again with the American Flyer built by Bombardier using some TGV-derived technologies. Sweden ABB developed in the early seventies an active tilting mechanism that was alternative to the Italian and British ones. This was tested in the X15 vehicle and implemented in the X2000 series train that so far has had a good success. One curious feature of this trains is that the tilting mechanism is utilise only to the passengers cars and not to the driving motor units.Switzerland As a part of the IC-2000 project the Swiss railways are developing a tilting train that has the conditional designation ICN-2000 and will be built by SIG. Germany Germany has adopted tilting technology on its 610 and 611 class series EMU and will built the ICT for long intercity services ADVANTAGES 1. Fuel consumed by the trains can be minimized. 2. Speed of the trains can be maintained constant and hence time to reach the destination is minimized 3. Their will be Comfort ness for the passengers. DISADVANTAGES 1. Very dear(p) to manufacture these kind of trains. . If the coaches do not tilt then it is dangerous. stocky While the Very high speed trains like the TGV could be regarded as the Rolls Royce of trains, tilting trains could be thought of as the cheep and cheerful mini metro. The cost differential is fairly similar too, it costs about 20 times more per unit distance to build a dedicated high speed line than it does to upgrade existing lines for tilting trains. This is what makes tilting trains extremely attractive. However there are disadvantages. 140mph or 230km/h is about as fast as trains go when not on dedicated lines.And then they have to be fitted in with slower moving traffic. With rail travel growing all over Europe, the problems of railways reaching saturation point has forced new lines to be build. This is why despite the success of the Italian Pendolini a new high speed line with 300 km/h trains is being built, because existing lines are at saturation. BIBILOGRAPHY Theory of machines KHURMI . R. S Railway Engineering PROFILLDIS . V. A www. goggle search. com TILTING TRAINS pic TILTING OF TRAINS spot TAKING RIGHT TURN IN THE TRACKS pic TILTING OF TRAINS WHILE TAKING RIGHT TURN IN THE TRACKS