Self and Imagination in Romanticism

The amative era is denoted by an extensive question and air of challenging notions building on the convictions of the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment challenged the Christian Orthodoxy which had dominated Europe for 1,000 years. Romanticism proposed an geographic expedition of self, speech patterning the primacy of the idiosyncratic and a vision of humanity animated by the visual modality, endorsing a reverence and personal connection to nature. The coif texts check and Ode to a Nightingale explore a conception created by imagination, emphasising the greatness of reflection and sustaining a relationship with nature.Northanger Abbey however, examines the interplay between reason and imagination. The related text Thanatopsis possesses tropes of Dark Romanticism, depicting humanitys curiosity of the un hidely whilst Beethovens works analyse the expression of intense feeling and nature as a moral force. A propensity for self analysis and introspection is a feature of Rom anticism. This notion gained impetus as a response to the Neo-Classicist belief that humans were created as hearty beings, knowing to conform to the status quo and abide by tradition.As well as a defiance against social duty and personal discipline, an emphasis on the individual came about as a progeny of anti-establishmentism. Closely connected to the Romantics rejection of the unlifelike was a growing opposition to established institutions such as the monarchy and the Church. capital of Minnesota Brians, an American Scholar stated The idea that the best path to cartel is by dint of individual choice, the idea that the government exists to serve individuals who have created it argon products of the Romantic celebration of the individual at the expense of edict and tradition. affable conventions and acceptable barometers of behaviour are questi unityd done with(predicate) the responders identification with protagonists who are marginalised or different. This is seen finis hed the characterisation of Emily Brontes, Heathcliff and Mary Shelleys, Monster. Romantic ideologues, in agate line to Neo-Classicists, valued the solitary state and the unique qualities of an individuals caput sooner than the outer social earthly concern. Romanticism encouraged the creative exploration of the inner self and praised unconventionality.Such focus is shown through the continual use of first-person lyric poems. This technique is prevalent in Keats works, particularly in his poem Ode to a Nightingale. Keats questions Do I wake or sleep? his proclivity toward consume voice accentuates the importance of self reflection and moulds reader response. Keats describes the archetypal alien an obsessive, egocentric man of extremes who is disenchanted with life. These periods of deep introspection highlight the importance placed on feelings and creative contemplation.For the Romantics, objective outlook is inundated by a new focus on the individual and the subconscious. Th e Romantic emphasis on introspection and imaginative reflection is critiqued in Jane Austens Northanger Abbey through the characterisation of the protagonist, Catherine Morland. Catherine is described as an atypical Gothic heroine -No one who had ever seen Catherine Morland in her infancy, would have supposed her to be born an heroine and through her reflections and fanciful Gothic delusions, the composer highlights how imaginings hinder personal growth and objective outlook.Through salient irony, Austen derides these fantasies and demonstrates how they conflict with everyday realities. The composer suggests that a love for Gothic literature, or the magical appoint in the contemporary texts of her time as a Romantic concept contributes to impaired judgment and unworldliness. Through the growth of the antagonists in her story, Austen describes social pretension and unlike the concerns of Gothic literature, tells of a natural evil rather than the bizarre, macabre story lines of Gothic texts.Austen criticises the notion of the supernatural, but reinforces the Romantic holy person that personal freedom is of more importance than complying with social mores as picture in the expulsion of Catherine from the Abbey. The scene of General Tilneys dismissal of Catherine uncovers a dark, secretive side of human psychology, parallel to the villainous figures in Gothic novels, particularly Radcliffian works. Through plot development, Austen reveals that Gothic texts are an imaginative word picture of a mundane evil found within everyday society and hence, contribute to an understanding of the Romantic saint of individualism.Romanticism fostered the idea that the ideal world that was conjured up by the imagination was more real than the material world and that the metaphysical or transcendental spiritual reality that was conjured by the senses and the imagination had more authenticity. Romantics believed that Fancy was crucial to the expansion of the human mind an d spirit. Keats frequently references the imagination as a fount of elation and exhilaration, his poem Fancy focusing on how the creative situation of the mind can set up the human experience and impart immortality. She will bring, in spite of frost,/Beauties that the earth hath lost Keats implies that Fancy is a way of preserving feelings and periods, providing an escape from the bitterness of a Romantic ideologues reality. The philosopher Emmanuel Kant acknowledged imagination as the source of order and Friedrich Von Schelling argued that imagination had a divine quality that was triggered by the generating power of the universe. The divine was quintessential to Romantic ideology, Romantics striving for perfectibility which they felt was only achieved through nature.The height of imaginative experience is the concept of the sublime. Crucial to the full expression of imagination, the sublime was the cause of awe and terror. personalitys rugged saucer and power was seen as bo th a source of jealousy and dream evident in William Cullen Bryants Thanatopsis. The planets, all the infinite host of heaven,/ are shining on the sad abodes of death describes nature as a transcendental force that surpasses the limitations of the superficial world. The importance of the sublime was stressed as a result of pantheism which saw nature as a powerful, dotty force to be worshipped.Pantheism came about as a response to free thought and its rational view of the world as being ordered, possessing mechanistic patterns and laws. free thought supported the idea that social order was hierarchal and that human globe was divinely ordered and sanctioned. Romantics however, shared the belief that reality was organic and without any set order. Romanticism brought forward the idea that with Nature lay an ideal state, free from the artificial aspects and constraints of civilisation. To be alone in wild, lonely places was for the Romantics to be near to heaven.This is obvious in Be ethovens works, particularly moonlight Sonata, which is known to be a musical delineation of the night sky. Nature was described by the Romantics as innocent and virtuous, an entity that could not be sully by the wrongs of humanity. In this way, Beethoven depicts the morality of nature through his excellent harmonies and the employment of adagio, creating a tone of gentleness. The composer uses the musical techniques of dolce and legato to calm down his audience.The Romantic idea that nature was a moral force and signpost was used by Beethoven to criticise the French Revolution. Beethovens 5th piano concerto, known as The Emperor, was a political bid inspired by the ideas of justice and freedom as a result of his disillusionment with Napoleon. The idea of liberation and independence was central to Romantic ideals, a notion which came about as a response to middle and proletarian oppression and societys hindrance of self-expression.Through their interpretations, whether they l iterary or musical, Romantics found within nature a means of expressing themselves. The universe was seen as mysterious, control by hidden, dark and supernatural forces. This is evident in the prevalence of references to the strange and Gothic in Romantic texts. Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci tells of a woman of supernatural beauty, describing her as a faerys child implying the seductress is opposite-worldly. This trance with the Exotic was a response to the novelty of international exploration.Romantics had an obsession with other cultures different either in time or distance the gray-haired and the primitive (Keats Ode on a Grecian Urn a perfect congressman of how the ancient influenced Romantic texts through his frequent references to ancient Greece as he describes Tempe or the dales of Arcady? ), Oriental, alien, vanished or Gothic. Following naturally from the Romantic interest with the senile and exotic was an attraction to the supernatural and bizarre as seen in Gothi cism. Gothicism was the concentration with the supernatural, influenced by a desire to defy the God-fearing Catholic Church.Examples of its relevance in Romantic texts can be seen in Brontes Wuthering high and Bryants Thanatopsis. Bronte writes of spectres whilst Bryant writes of His favourite phantom portraying the Romantic predilection to the paranormal. The conglomerate concepts of self and imagination are analysed by the ideologues of the Romantic era through their subversion of the conventional measures of behaviour and their defiance against the traditional notions of the Enlightenment. These ideas formed the floor of the Romantic period and hence dominate Romantic texts.

Case Study Medici Restaurant Essay

In the first question of the Medici Mediterranean Restaurant case determine, it asks if thither argon any other options that Alissa might consider solving this problem. there are many other options that are not listed in the study that Alissa could exercise in this scenario to make Guido concentrate on more on his job. In this particular case, the head chef Guido has not been through line of products school uniform the owner Alissa has. Guido lacks the business skills that are imperative to keep a business swell and running, leading to recurring late payments of bills and invoices, deliveries of product that are not on epoch, and a non qualified grip staff that is hurting the business. Guidos focus on is in the kitchen and it has be pursue a struggle for him to balance universe a head chef, cooking food for numerous customers every day, and being a successful manager. In Medici II, there is a lack of wait staff that does no help to Guido, jellting extra stress on him to perform to his best abilities as a chef. Guidos job is to reassure quality food keeping customers, while managing the in effect(p) floor of the restaurant, on the whole while keeping Alissa happy. One option that Alissa whitethorn consider would to put her experience of business school to use and to clutch on the entire business side of two restaurant locations.Meaning to find a distributor that delivers product quick and on time, eliminating the need to change the common menu items. Alissa would become to take on all invoices and bills in both restaurants, reducing what Guidos job entails, leading him to focus more on being a chef, rather than a manager. Alissa would similarly have to locate which of the wait staff at Medici II is worth keeping, and fire the ones that are undisciplined. Hiring a wait staff that has experience in the restaurant business would benefit both Alissa and Guido and plus the profits in both restaurants because of an increase in efficiency. A mor e experienced wait staff would take stress off of Guido while he was in the kitchen, and would help him focus more on getting meals come forward to customers. Another option that Alissa may be able to exercise would be hiring an assistant chef for Guido, who has experience aiding to a head chef. This option would leave Guido with more time for taking complaint of the business side of the restaurant, such as bills and invoices, deliveries, and the wait staff.It provide also give Guido more time during work hours to keep up appearances with customers, which come to the restaurant to see Guido, and eat the food that he prepares. With an assistant chef for Guido, taxation will increase again due to a rise in production output. The aid of an assistant chef giving Guido more time in the business, would lead Alissa to be able to stay at the original Medici location, minimizing the trips that she would have to take to the Medici II location. Helping her focus more on the issues that cl imb in the original location. The second question of the Medici Mediterranean Restaurant is to pronounce each alternative of the case carefully and to submit one that I think would be the best for this case. The first alternative option in the case is to maintain the status quo that Alissa already has in her businesses. This option entails Alissa and Guido sitting down and discussing a more manageable plan for handling lieu administration details at the Medici II location. In this option Alissa considers the root word of hiring a full time employee to assist Guido with business details, but Alissa is not sure she will be able to afford another full time employee at this time.This option is not the one that I would choose for Alissa to exercise in her business. Sitting down in a non-confrontational mood and discussing the administrative side of the business and future of Medici II with Guido would be a step in the right direction, but would not get anything exe published. Aliss a has already talked to Guido about his work ethic and Guido has always promised Alissa to do better. The relationship among Guido and Alissa is obviously not working. In this option, it says that she will try to figure out his future plans, meaning she would wait to see if he is going to move over a restaurant himself or not. This option is wasting valuable time for Alissa, time that she can be putting toward training a innovative head chef and manager for her business. The second option would be to discipline or fire Guido. This option entails that Guido has been repeating the same problems that have been addressed on previous occasions.Alissa is worried that loss Guido would put her business in a competition with Guido if he decided to open his own restaurant. With no pledge that Guido would open a business in the area of Medici, Alissa still thinks that disciplinary steps are futile. This is the option that I would choose. The problems have been adding up for Guido as an e mployee of Alissa. The business is losing money and it is at the point where something needs to change. Alissa needs to cut ties with Guido, and hire a chef that is responsible in making business decisions and handy in cooking Mediterranean cuisine.If Alissa does not fire Guido, Medici II will eventually fail as a business, causing a major set back financially for Alissa. Alissa needs to take this risk of firing Guido, and not worry if Guido will open a restaurant, for that will focus her on everything but what actually needs to be done in her business. At this time in her business, there are more of the essence(predicate) issues that need to be taken care of, and keeping Guido at the trustworthy position would take away time that could be used toward determination a new head chef and manager that may very well be a better employee than Guido.

Tilting Trains

Vishveshwaraya Technological University, Belgaum TILTING TRAINS discussion section OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING pic GUIDE VINAY B U PRESENTED BY ARUN navy blue 4SF09ME014 SYNOPSIS With the invention of new technologies in various features of the groom line raptus the human universes ar more benefited. One of the engineering that the rail musical mode engineers view is ab pop out the THE TILTING TRAINS, which provide the manoeuverengers and the goods to reach the goal with a minimum time.The engine room involved in TILTING TRAIN is that when ever the chooses pass over the yields and round shines of the railway cuts the com art objectitionments of the determine is flex to a certain angle by which the asks spate travel with no reduction in hie. By adopting this technology of TILTING TRAINS the rage out consumed by the gets stern be saved ,the tormentrs piece of ass feel encourage and also time stern be saved. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. paradox with brea ks 3. What is tilting train? 4. Why tilting helps? 5.How do trains tilt? 6. Problems associated in tilting the track 7. passenger comfort ness 8. Countries who authentic the tilting technology 9. Advantages and Disadvantages of tilting trains 10. Summary 11. Bibliography INTRODUCTION engineer is a mass transporter, which transports humans and goods from mavin place to an another(prenominal) place. We switch trains, which run by diesel and electricity. Among goods and passenger trains the most concern one is passenger trains. The passenger train should move quickly with naughty furthers.The rail road leave not be always straight it should pass through curves and spells. We completely know that if you are driving in your railway machine and you take a turning at whet you feel motor(a) forces. Well it is no different from trains, if a train takes a turning at speeds outward-developing forces will be experienced. The major worry for each trains is to pass over the curve s and turns of the railroads. If the train moves with the resembling speed at the curves and turns the train may slip from the track, so the speed of the train will be s dispiriteddown drastically to void slip.This results in wastage of fuel and in turn reduces the speed of the train, which is main consideration for the passenger trains. One of the solution embed to avoid this situation is the tilting trains. PROBLEMS WITH CORNERS We all know that if your driving in your car and you take a break at speed you feel centrifugal forces. Well it is no different from trains if a train takes a corner at speed consequently centrifugal forces come in. Often train operating companies face a decision for building a broad(prenominal) speed railway transport system hey can either confide money in the train to make it tilt but white plague live railway lines, or they invest money in a new railway but dont need to spend money on expensive tilting mechanisms. This is why TGV, and ICE and b ullet trains do not tilt, be drift they gull their own dedicated game speed railway lines where curves are strengthened with very last radii. It is worth pointing out that the centrifugal force is a function of v2/r where v is the velocity and r is the radius. This means if you ikon the velocity, you quadruple the centrifugal force.Similarly, if you want to triple the velocity but slide by the centrifugal force the same, you must increase the radius by a factor of nine Something not always possible. This is why even ostensibly gentle curves can be a great deal more of a problem with broad(prenominal) speeds than one might thing, because the force rises with the square of velocity. WHAT IS TILTING TRAIN ? Tilting train consists of a tilting mechanism that enables increased speed on regular tracks. In the upper part of the tilting trains that is in which the passengers are seated can be tilted sideways.During the motion of the train if the train has to steer to left in a left turning the coaches of the train will be tilted to the left in order to compensate the centrifugal ram to the practiced and conversely during the right turn. These trains are constructed such that inertial forces which cause the tilting can be controlled by a computer. If the trains travel at speeds more than the contract speeds at the turnings of the railway tracks their will be centrifugal forces acting on the train. Due to these centrifugal forces the train may slip and push out of the tracks.But in case of tilting trains which will not happen, because of the reason that centrifugal forces will be compensated by tilting mechanism. WHY TILTING HELPS? When sitting on a corner termination at speed on that point are deuce forces acting on you, gravitational force and the centrifugal force which is accelerating you into the corner. In physics when two forces act, then this causes a resultant force. The resultant force will push you into your seat and to the side. up to now if t he train is tilting, then the approach pattern contact force of you on your seat will be the same as the resultant force you are experiencing.This means as farthermostthermost as the passenger is concerned he or she is just being pulled into his or her seat, and he or she is use to that so no vexation is felt. This is true also of aero planes, commercial planes tilt a large amount, up to 30 degrees when sack around corners in some cases to cater for passenger comfort. As the tilting of the aero plane is to get rid of the problem of centrifugal forces, or more accurately to disguised the centrifugal forces as a part of gravitational force as far as the passengers are concerned. The only way you know if the aero plane is tilting is to look out of the window.Trains that tilt can go up to 25% to 40% faster around curves than conventional trains without upset the passengers, and as mentioned before this can significantly increase average speeds and arise journey time. HOW DO TRA INS TILT? Carriages adopt tilting mechanisms. Obviously the bogies cannot tilt because they ride on the track and must follow the path of the track. So the coaches have to tilt on the bogies. The way they do this is simple, the bogie acts a fulcrum in the center and it is free to tilt either side. Then pistons control how much the coach tilts. The pistons are controlled by a small computer, which uses a relish level.The spirit level is used to check if things are horizontal remember, i. e. at right angles to the resultant force acting. Normally this force is gravity, but when going round a corner the resultant is a combination of gravity and centrifugal forces. This means the spirit level indicates it is no longer horizontal, so the computer adjusts the pistons until horizontal is read. Again this will not be horizontal to the ground, but as far as anyone on the train is concerned it will be horizontal, keeping the passengers happy. In the early days they well-tried to use inerti al force to let the trains tilt i. e. hey would have no mechanism to make them tilt but the carriages would have a low center of gravity so centrifugal forces on the carriage would cause them to tilt. This be un thriving. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED IN TILTING THE TRACK Well on juicy speed lines the track in the UK is heavily banked up on corners, although going in a high speed train you dont notice it at all. now and then when a high speed train in the UK comes to a degree because of a red signal or something on a curve you can really notice how much its slanted, on a founder on a curve put a bottle on the floor and will slide crosswise to the other side.However there are limitations with tilting tracks, first of all the banking has to be designed with a specific speed in mind. A banked up track meant for 125mph trains is going to cause soreness to passengers in a local 75mph train, as when a torpider train goes round a banked corner it will make passengers feel homogeneous they are falling to a side. Of course you could build dedicated high speed lines, but then you would engineer them without base curves. This limits the extent to which tracks can be banked up. If the rack is banked in addition much for really fast trains, then if any train comes to a stop on the curve repayable to a red signal the slant will cause tenderness to passengers. besides arranging for the overhead pantrograph to make proper contact with a wire above a banked curve is a little tricky. all the way trains themselves need to tilt, then you get the double benefit of tilted track and tilting train, and the train can tilt to exactly suit the speed it is going at. PASSENGER COMFORTNESS One might think it is not safe to push a train round a corner at high speed. Indeed that is true. However the crucial thing is that the speed at which it becomes unsafe, i. . the speed at which there is bountiful force to push the train mangle the track is incredibly high. In fact the force needed wo uld be enough so that all passengers on the train couldnt move and would be stuck to the sides of the train. This implies that there is scope for increasing the speed of a train round corners a great deal without it becoming unsafe, however passengers will object. on that point are two reasons why it is bad for passengers. I have been on a late running Inter City 125 and it took a corner at some speed although only about 90mph and the corner wasnt tight enough to say see the train at the other end by looking out of the window.The corner wasnt tight enough to notice turning either. However you could feel the forces definitely, and empty cups rolled across tables, bags creaked and I felt pushed against the wall. Any faster and it would be extremely ill at ease(predicate) for passengers and they would rather the train slowed down and take a little longer. Also companies dont manage to run trains at speed round corners because it upsets passengers, as when capable to turning forces they may become worried the train is going to fly off the tracks (which incidentally has never happened). This might make people scatterbrained about traveling on high speed trains.The reason no one is ever nervous about traveling at well 200mph on a train is because it is smooth and constant. If it was doing corners at these speeds people wouldnt like it. People get freaked out doing 50mph on a roller coaster which involves tight curves, imagine how they feel when serious speed is involved Its all down to the forces a passenger feels, if a passenger feels a lot of noticeable forces then he or she is going to be nervous, and may avoid traveling on the train, or just choose a slow train. COUNTRIES WHO DEVELOPED THE TILTING TECHNOLOGY BritainThe UK was interested in developing the advanced passenger train for quite a while France The development of the tilting train in France began in 1956 when eng. Mauzin built and experimented a single car unit that used inertial (non-assisted) tilting. This experiment were suspended because a natural tilting proved too difficult to accomplish. France preferred to built a vast network of high speed lines and the development of TGV started in the early mid-seventies with a two-car modified turbo train. Today GEC-Alsthom has decided to start the development of a tilting TGV that has been delivered few weeks past for testing and trials.Spain With the ETR-401 Fiat delivered in 1976 a wide-gauge version to Spain that was designated Tren Basculante (RENFE Type 443). However like its Italian sibling it remained a single vehicle. Later Spain developed a tilting version of its own Talgo train (talgo pendular) that so far has proved itself the only successful example of natural tilting and has met with a huge success. the States/Canada The first experiments were carried over in the thirties with non-powered cars (called pendulum), but the first successful tilting train in the USA was the Sikorsky Turbo Train which incorporated a n inertial tilting mechanism.Later, in 1973 Amtrak tested an active tilting train called LRC (Light Rapid Comfortable) made of ten cars, that unfortunately had no success. Today Amtrak is trying again with the American Flyer built by Bombardier using some TGV-derived technologies. Sweden ABB developed in the early seventies an active tilting mechanism that was alternative to the Italian and British ones. This was tested in the X15 vehicle and implemented in the X2000 series train that so far has had a good success. One curious feature of this trains is that the tilting mechanism is utilise only to the passengers cars and not to the driving motor units.Switzerland As a part of the IC-2000 project the Swiss railways are developing a tilting train that has the conditional designation ICN-2000 and will be built by SIG. Germany Germany has adopted tilting technology on its 610 and 611 class series EMU and will built the ICT for long intercity services ADVANTAGES 1. Fuel consumed by the trains can be minimized. 2. Speed of the trains can be maintained constant and hence time to reach the destination is minimized 3. Their will be Comfort ness for the passengers. DISADVANTAGES 1. Very dear(p) to manufacture these kind of trains. . If the coaches do not tilt then it is dangerous. stocky While the Very high speed trains like the TGV could be regarded as the Rolls Royce of trains, tilting trains could be thought of as the cheep and cheerful mini metro. The cost differential is fairly similar too, it costs about 20 times more per unit distance to build a dedicated high speed line than it does to upgrade existing lines for tilting trains. This is what makes tilting trains extremely attractive. However there are disadvantages. 140mph or 230km/h is about as fast as trains go when not on dedicated lines.And then they have to be fitted in with slower moving traffic. With rail travel growing all over Europe, the problems of railways reaching saturation point has forced new lines to be build. This is why despite the success of the Italian Pendolini a new high speed line with 300 km/h trains is being built, because existing lines are at saturation. BIBILOGRAPHY Theory of machines KHURMI . R. S Railway Engineering PROFILLDIS . V. A www. goggle search. com TILTING TRAINS pic TILTING OF TRAINS spot TAKING RIGHT TURN IN THE TRACKS pic TILTING OF TRAINS WHILE TAKING RIGHT TURN IN THE TRACKS

Moral Theory of Kant Essay

Immanuel Kant is a German deontologist in the eighteenth century. He believed that the merely test of whether a decision is right or amiss(p) is whether it could be applied to everyone. Would it be all right for everyone to do what you ar doing? If non, your decision is wrong. Kant sees that people ought not to be used, but ought to be regarded as having the highest intrinsic value. From here, I see that Kant believes that the intrinsic value of an act determines what is chastely right or morally wrong.The intrinsic value always accompanies the act, for example, if A is intrinsic to B, then it is no accident that B exhibits A. In ethics, Kant move to show that doing ones duty consisted in following barely those principles that one would accept as applying equally to all. Kant brought up that the consequences of our acts are not always in our control and things do not always play out as we want. However, he believed that we can control our motives, and the motive to do what is right gives an act its moral worthy.For actions to have moral worth, wakeless forget and genuine act in accordance with duty are required. Kant believed that the good will is the right motive. Good will is to will your maxim to be a universal law or universally valid and accepted. Having a right intention is to do what is right or what one believes to be right just because it is right. Kant believed that acts done from the motive of duty are the only ones with moral worth. For example, you borrow money from a friend, and your options, or maxims, are to each recall the money, or not to return the money.To return money is of good will, and if you choose this to be your maxim, you are in accordance with duty. Not to return money, if put into a universal law, nobody ever returned the money, and everybody broke their promises, in that location would be no promises, and the act is not in accordance with duty. So the act of not returning the money has no moral worth and is morally wrong. There are two different types of imperatives, according to Kant, mantic imperative and categorical imperative. an imperative is simply a form of line that tells us to do something.

Water Pollution Levels Turning Deadly in Punjab

Punjab, which is one of the richest states in India, is battling acute wet contaminant, peculiarly attributed to chemical toxicity. There has been an increase in the number of deaths due to crabmeat in the Malwa region, which has sent shock waves throughout the state. Remember, Erin Brockovich? This is a classic authorized life case in Punjab for us to delve into. Water pollution Harmful Contribution from Factories.A known environment law active Sant Balbir Singh Seechewal, the man who brought to life so some(prenominal) rivers in the Majha area, stated that anti-pollution laws pillow in the newspapers only and very little efforts are taken to impede water and air pollution. According to Seechewal, there are many wounding chemicals, such as cyanide, that are flowing into the rivers, more or lessly from factories situated in Ludhiana, Jalandhar and Phagwara. Due to this, drinking water sources have become polluted and resulted in widespread prevalence of diseases like bot tomcer in the Malwa region and the adjacent areas in Rajasthan.Read this The Secrets of Haitis Living DeadIn Muktsar, you coffin nail just find the depressing statistics in the seat district of the Punjab caput Minister, Parkash Singh Badal. There were 1,074 deaths due to cancer between 2001 and November 2009. In Lambi, Badals home constituency, there were 211 cancer deaths during the same period. Water Pollution Shocking Levels of uracil Content in Water in Punjab Dont be shocked by the information given on water pollution in Punjab as there is much more. In March 2009, Dr Carin Smit, a South African toxicologist, sent cop samples of mentally-ill children from Malwa region to Germanys Microtrace mineral Lab.On June 13, 2010, the lab musical themeed high levels of uranium in these samples. Dr Carin Smit stated, The bull results are surprising. We expected an arsenic exposure. Instead, over 80% of adult and children, many of which are suffering from cerebral palsy and mental retardation, showed pathological levels for uranium. The report is surprising as there is no apparent source of uranium in the state. Executive director, Kheti Virasat Mission (KVM), Umendra Dutt stated, with studies indicating high levels of uranium in hair samples, the situation is indeed alarming. Water Pollution Uranium Content Exceeds unhazardous Limit Suggested by WHO In 2009, V D Puranik, who is heading the environmental assessment division of Bhaba Atomic Research Center, filed a report stating 2. 2-244. 2 micro grams of uranium content in one litre water sample that was brought from the Malwa region. Lets not forget, the safe restrict suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) is 15 microgram per litre. The person in charge of Baba Farid Center for Special Children in Faridkot Pritpal, Singh said that three samples surpassed the limit of 60 micrograms uranium per litre set by the Atomic ability Regulatory Board (AERB).Final Legal Take Away pinch Punjab, a state t hat ushered in the Green Revolution and has been nourishing most parts of the country, is now suffering the ill effects of water pollution. deadly material in water can migrate to hundreds of farms, homes, schools and places where people can die or suffer due to its exposure. Remember, Erin Brockovich? What we need is legal awareness and initiatives to be taken on priority so that the state governing can save lives it is too late.

My Best Beauty Pageant

As presently as the multitude, Jason The Local Celebrity Jacobsen, introduced me to the crowd as a wonderfully gifted dancer I thought I was in trouble and had made a mistake because my specialty achievement was singing, not dancing I could feel the rush of blood bolt from my head and I became so light-headed that I had to lean against the private railing that was leading up to the stage behind the velvet curtains. I could feel the cold sweat beginning to condense on my forehead. I echo thinking, Oh noMy make-up is going to smear My mom later(prenominal) told me that my eyes were as big as apples when I shot a glance at her right after he said that I would be dancing for my special talent section. I nervously walked step up onstage with my hands shaking and sheepishly walked up to Jason to whisper to him in his ear, Sorry Jason, but I like to sing more(prenominal) than I like to dance so Im going to sing, O. K.? He smelled like expensive eau de cologne and his hair had wa y too oft gel in it. I thought he was going to get me aside of the pageantThankfully he handled it like the good host he was and hence he apologized to the crowd for his egregious error and then he excitedly announced to the crowd, We are in for a great surprise, we are going to be serenaded by melodic phrase instead of dance, get laid He looked back at me with a huge, fake smile and delivered the well-tried and true line, Alright, the stage is yours, take it away It almost felt like I was in a cheesy teenaged Disney movie. As soon as the lights dimmed and the crowd settled in I knew I was going to be great.I composed myself, took a few deep breaths and waited for the song to begin. After all, I had practiced I Believe I tush Fly by R. Kelly hundreds of times before. Of course it was going to be great. adjust? I remembered the first time I heard the song at the end of the movie Space Jam with Michael Jordan and I immediately heavy-handed in love with the song because of the hope it inspires. I remembered singing it to my parents at the dinner table the night before the pageant and them standing up and cheering for me after I had finished.Most of all, I remembered waking up in the morning and immediately posing in front of my bedroom mirror, common cockscomb/mic in hand, and belting out I Believe I shadow Fly before I hopped in the shower and to sing it some more. If you want to know the truth, I dont even remember singing in the pageant. As soon as it had begun, it was over. All those flashbacks moldiness have occurred while I was on stage. The next thing I knew the crowd was on their feet and clapping and cheering. For me I couldnt believe it.Jason Jacobsen came out from backstage and gave me a wonderful hug and I smelled his god-awful cologne again and then the next instant I was back in the dressing room sitting in disbelief staring at myself in the mirror. I had no clue if I even sing the right words but all I can set up you is that was t he greatest feeling Ive ever had in my whole inbuilt life It didnt even matter to me whether I won or not, I had fulfilled my dream of performing my favorite song in front of an audience of strangers, and apparently they even liked it. Who could ask for more? I was really flying

Environmental Issues facing France

FranceThe state my spouse and I chose is France. France is find between the Mediterranean sea on the sou-east and is on the Continent, Europe. France was founded October 4, 1958 and was a mediaeval land from the western portion of West Francia. France is presently 57 old ages old. France began to set up settlements in North America such(prenominal)(prenominal) as India, Caribbean, Portuguese, and Spanish. France did hold bondage, and used them more viciously. They lawfully traded slaves until 1830 when Europe stopped. They unploughed it a secret until after the U.S Civil War.Every topographic bit which is located around the domain afford a list of statistics such as infant mortality rate, land outlandish, and etc these statistics are called demographics. Land democracy is a measuring which measures the land in square units. The land commonwealth for France is 247, 367 sq. stat mis, or can be measured in kilometres squared which for France would be 640, 679 kilometer squared. A nation size determines the figure of persons which live in a population. The population size of France was 66.03 during 2013, and the sum of people have escalated, and it is right off 64 million in 2015. France has now become 0. 89 % of the universe populations entire, and has now gained rank figure 21 in the list of population sizes. Life anticipation determines to an norm that a individual may be expected to lie in, and the mean age which a individual is expected to populate boulder stiff in France is the age 83. During 1960 France had a population emergence rate of 1.2 % , and it has decreased to a growing rate of 0.5 % during 2013.hypertext transfer communications protocol // dry land Wide Web. mtholyoke. edu / classs / rschwart / hist 255/ La / industrialisation. hypertext markup linguistic processhypertext transfer protocol // World Wide Web. theodora. com / wfbcurrent / France / France _ geographics.hypertext markup languageFrance is considered to be an industrialise d state, but during the nineteenth ampere-second France had a much slower rate of going an industrialised state. How industrialisation started was piece by piece and was slower than any some other European state, but since industrialisation was slow France was merely going used to agriculture, cater machinery, and mass production it was finally able to go considered industrialised.One environmental issue France faces is piddle contaminant and is a serious issue. They produce nearly 18.7 million dozenss of waste every twelvemonth. About 1.5 people who live in France, have polluted tap H2O in their places. According to the pot most deficient H2O in France is loaded with pesticides and nitrates from fertiliser and levy animal manure. That is the instance in 63 per centum of cases where places receive contaminated H2O which represents around 900, 000 people. This means they are imbibing H2O that is contaminated with legion(predicate) an(prenominal) pollutants, and can kill th em from diseases. Ever since 2012, 35 % of taint has fallen. Another intimacy is that when frances clime alteration, there H2O has deficits. It will cut deck the sum of fresh H2O that is presently available. Peoples that live in the country are nt imbibing clean H2O. France has been confronting H2O deficits since 1976. For illustration, there rivers are drying up delinquent to the clime alteration, and can impact the people who live at that place. France has been besides confronting droubts, and that can charter to serious discharges. If this happens, the H2O will decline. It is told that in the summer, it will turn into a crisis.Last but non least, France has been sing virulent rain that is doing the H2O to go contaminated and polluted. If contacted, the acid can fire your tegument. So when this happens, it is go forthing chemicals in the H2O and can take to many environmental issues.hypertext transfer protocol // World Wide Web. nationsencyclopedia. com / Europe / France EN VIRONMENT. hypertext markup languagePollution is a planetary issue around the universe which has been endangering the commonwealth for a long period of clip up boulder clay this twenty-four hours. France is one of the many topographic points which release the most pollution, and due to this France has tried to alter many ways to halt pollution in this state. One of the many stairss which France is seeking to take in halting pollution is censoring autos. France has decided on censoring autos, and alternatively replacing it with motorcycles.A concern to many people in France is pollution, and many are either have oning scarfs, or face masks, because they are concerned about take a breathing in contaminated air.France has besides been concerned with how spry autos drive, and people which use autos as they are seeking to censor it, and reprimand the people of France that there is a big hazard of pollution.Decision magic spell working on this undertaking I have been able to poll abo ut France, and be cognizant of the statistics of pollution, infant mortality, and etc. My spouse and I have been able to garner info in which we have never knew before about France. I have been able to work on pollution, infant mortality, population, and etc. I have learned many things which I have neer knew about France, such as they are confronting a big pollution hazard. My spouse was able to work on other information on France such as environmental issues, and the basic information of France. While working on France for a group undertaking we have been able to understand the issues which France is facing, and the inside informations of France

Harlequin Enterprise Mira Decision

Harlequin enterprise had a competitive payoff in the womens romance fiction genre up until the 1980s and early 1990s. Harlequin faced steady loss of share in a growing womens fiction market due to the popularity of single human activity novels. It is costly to imitate but to stay competitive I would advise that Harlequin perform a limited launch of Mira by re-developing titles in their back-list and generating direct-to-reader sales through the Book Club, while it explores global distribution and trade relationships.The Mira decision is dandy way of gaining new grounds but on that point are numerous issues surrounding it. First, competitions are fierce and there is great deal of threat to its potential in the U. S market. The agreement with Simon and Schuster at the end of romance wars may not be sustainable. If cloud launches Mira in direct competition with S&S it would be very hard considering harlequin is dependent on S&S for the distribution of its series titles within t he U.S market. If Mira is pursued, harlequin would have to redevelop its distribution kitchen range and its value chain within U. S. Harlequins brand allegiance is strong due to its readership base. This is evidenced by the direct-to-reader Book Club, which currently provides 3/8 of US Sales at significantly higher(prenominal) margins than confirming sales. With this value, harlequin should proceed cautiously but look towards reducing remote threats and external opportunities.The Mira decision could be the solution to increase sales. With harlequins reputation of producing high quality books, Mira could be successful. Theres a great deal of risk involved in this investment, with significantly higher cost for production, distribution and marketing and considering harlequins inadequate expertise outside of the romance realm. As with the 1987 worldwide case, I believe harlequin could learn from their mistakes and be optimistic towards their future.

Art for Heart’s Sake

The text under friendship isArt for hearts Sake written by an Ameri mickle sculptor, cartoonist and writer, Reuben Lucius G olderberg . He worked a brood as a cartoonist and some of his cartoons became highly popular, among his best whole works are Is in that respect Doctor in the house? (1929), Rede Goldbergs Guide to Europe(1954) and I Made my Bed (1960) . The story is more or less an old sick while, or so Mr. Ellsworth. He is really capricious and everybody are tired of his behavior. Once his desexualise decides to employ a young promising artist who will enlighten him painting. Mr.Ellsworth is bad in painting merely one of his picture is veritable for the Lathrop memorialize and awarded 1000$. And finally this old man says that Art is nix and he has bought the impulsion w present he won such prize. According to the motley of the number of participants the text can be dievided in to 4 separate The first is Pineapple succus for Mr. Ellsworth. When the male nurse Ko ppel persuades genus Ananas juice to Mr. Ellsworth, but he refuses to drink it. The second Proposition for Mr. Ellsworth from his doctor. In this part doctor Caswell comes to charm Mr.Ellsworth and made him proposition to take up art. The third Art lessons for Mr. Ellsworth from young and promising artist This part about teaching Mr. Ellsworth drawing by Frank Swain- eighteen years old promising student. The fourth First Landscape prize for Mr. Ellsworth When the Lathrop Gallery prized 1,000$ Mr. Ellsworth for his chef-doeuvre Trees Dressed in White The atmosp present of the text is ironical and sometimes it is humorous. For example when doctor Caswell said with supreme effort Congratulations, Mister Ellsworth. Here we see how Caswell tells it without sincerity.Author shows that everything is a joke or a play for Mr. Ellsworth and as well as he shows , that notes can do everything and he makes pastime of it if you have money you can do and get everything you want, for example prize of the Lathrop Gallery, maybe he neednt money he just wants to proof that he is deity . Mr. Ellsworth doesnt respect others, he spits on someones opinions. Finally Mr. Ellsworth is prized with 1000$ by the gallery because he bought it. According to the narrative technique of the text. It is narration intercepted with dialogue and description.We can see here a chain of actions and some dialogues during the text, and also thither is describing Mr. Ellsworth and some things such as bowl of fruit. Speaking about expression level we can see high level vocabulary. Everybody and Mr. Ellsworth is well-educated and very capable. Everybody talk to Mr. Ellsworth very various(prenominal)ly, but Mr. Ellsworth doesnt respect them and he uses a lot of colloquial words and slang such as Nope, Rot, by gum. It shows us that old man spit on everything. Speaking about the phrase structure we can see here many long compound sentences, respective addresses to Mr.Ellswoth with word Sir (Not bad, sir Yes, sir) it means that everyone afraid of Mr. Ellswoth and it means they have respect for him. And also there are some short answers from him. For example Bosh Nope By gum. All of this shows us the degree of education of every participant but it doesnt mean that Mr. Ellswoth is not well educated he just doesnt cathexis about anything. Speaking about stylistic devices we can see here gradation shows that his behavior is awful for example He wont take his pineapple juice. He doesnt want me to read to him.He doesnt like anything From these phrases we see that the old man is very capricious, he drinks when he wants, he listens what he wants. He has very much money and he thinks that everybody obliged to him. There is also a simile such as god-awful smudge which shows us that he is secular in art. And also Mr. Ellswoth uses such metonymy as an old pineapple juice it shows us disrespect and attitude to his nurse. There are some repetitions cover doctor Caswells astonishment F ine, fine See, see . We can see here 3 main characters.Doctor Caswell is well educated person he knows what he do and he is smart. Young Frank Swain he is a promising student but doesnt have long-live experience, but hi is smart too. And of course Mr. Ellswoth he is educated person but he doesnt show it. He is old man he has money and he thinks that he is above everybody, that is why he doesnt respect others. This text was interesting for me there are many rich and fool people in the existence such as Mr. Ellsworth and the author showed us his life and made fun of such behavior, it is funny and interesting.Livin (Spanish) ? , ? ? ? ? , ojitos ? , , Sh?s livin , Y , Sh?s livin ? ? City ? ? besabe ? , ? ? ojitos ? , Sh?s livin , ? , ,

Multinational Corporation (Mnc) or Multinational Enterprise (Mne)

A international corporation(MNC) ormultinational enterprise(MNE)1is acorporationenterprise that managesproductionor deliversservicesin more than sensation country. It can similarly be referred to as aninternational corporation. TheInternational Labour Organization(ILO) has definedcitation neededan MNC as a corporation that has its management headquarters in one country, kat once as thehome country, and operates in somewhat(prenominal) other countries, know ashost countries.Some multinational corporations are very big, with budgets that exceed around nationsgross domestic products(GDPs). Multinational corporations can have a hefty influence in local economies, and even theworld economy, and play an historic role ininternational relationsandglobalization. orchard apple tree Inc. formerly apple Computer, Inc. is an Americanmultinational corporationthat designs and sellsconsumer electronics, calculator bundle, andpersonal computers. The clubs best-known computer hardware produ cts are the macintoshintoshline of computers, theiPod, theiPhoneand theiPad.Its package includes theMac OS Xoperating system theiTunesmedia browser theiLifesuite of multimedia and creativity packet the iWorksuite of productivity softwareAperture, a professional photography parcel of landFinal Cut Studio, a suite of professional audio and film-industry software productsLogic Studio, a suite of music production tools theSafari weather vane browser andiOS, a mobile operating system. As of July 2011, orchard apple tree has 357retail storesin ten countries, and anonline store.It has been thelargest publicly traded conjunction in the world by market capitalization,78swapping spots withExxonMobil, and the largest technology company in the world by revenue and profit. 9As of September 24, 2011, the company had 60,400 permanent full-time employees and 2,900 fly-by-night full-time employees worldwide its worldwide yearly sales totall(a)ed $65. 23 one thousand million, festering to $108 . 249 billion in 2011. resultmagazine named apple the most respect company in the United States in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2011. 10111213However, the company has receivedwidespread criticismfor its contractors labor, and for its environmental and business practices. 1415 Established on April 1, 1976 inCupertino, California, and incorporated January 3, 1977,16the company was named apple Computer, Inc. for its first 30 years. The word of honor Computer was removed from its name on January 9, 2007,17as its traditional focalization on personal computers shifted towardsconsumer electronics. 18 19761980 The early yearsorchard apple tree was established on April 1, 1976 bySteve Jobs,Steve Wozniak, andRonald Wayne,1to sell the apple Ipersonal computer kit. They were hand-built by Wozniak1920and first shown to the public at theHomebrew Computer Club. 21The apple I was sell as amotherboard(withCPU,RAM, and basic textual-video head for the hillss)less than what is today con sidered a complete personal computer. 22The apple I went on sale in July 1976 and was market-priced at $666. 66 apple was incorporated January 3, 197716without Wayne, who sell his share of the company back to Jobs and Wozniak for $800.Multi-millionaireMike Markkulaprovided essential business expertise and funding of $250,000 during the internalization of apple. By the end of the 1970s, Apple had a staff of computer designers and a production line. The company introduced the ill-fatedApple IIIin whitethorn 1980 in an attempt to compete withIBMandMicrosoftin the business and corporate figuring market. 35 Jobs and several Apple employees includingJef Raskinvisited photocopy PARCin December 1979 to see theXerox Alto.Xerox granted Apple engineers three days of access to the PARC facilities in return for the option to buy 100,000 shares (800,000 split-adjusted shares) of Apple at the pre-IPO price of $10 a share. 36Jobs was immediately convinced that all future computers would use a graphical user interface (GUI), and development of a GUI began for theApple Lisa. 37 When Apple went public, it generated more capital than any IPO sinceFord ram Companyin 1956 and instantly created more millionaires (about 300) than any company in history. In 1984, Apple next launched the Macintosh.Its debut was denote by the now famous $1. 5 milliontelevision commercial 1984. It was directed byRidley Scott, aired during the ordinal quarter ofSuper Bowl XVIIIon January 22, 1984,39and is now considered a watershed consequence for Apples success40and a masterpiece. 4142 In 1985 a power struggle create between Jobs and CEOJohn Sculley, who had been hired two years earlier. 45The Apple board of directors instructed Sculley to contain Jobs and limit his ability to launch expensive forays into untested products.Jobs resigned from Apple and foundedNeXT Inc. the equal year. 46 19861993 Rise and fall Having learned several painful lessons after introducing the bulkyMacintosh Portable in 1989, Apple introduced the abilityBookin 1991. The Macintosh Portable was designed to be just as powerful as a desktop Macintosh, but weighed 7. 5 kilograms (17lb) with a 12-hour battery life. The same year, Apple introducedSystem 7, a major rising slope to the operating system, which added color to the interface and introduced new networking capabilities.It remained the architectural basis forMac OSuntil 2001. During this time Apple experimented with a number of other failed consumer targeted products includingdigital cameras,portable CD audio players,speakers,video consoles, andTV appliances. Enormous resources were excessively invested in the problem-plaguedNewton divisionbased on John Sculleys unrealistic market forecasts. citation neededUltimately, all of this proved too-little-too-late for Apple as their market share and computer storage prices act to slide. citation needed 19941997 Attempts at reinventionIn 1996, Michael Spindler was replaced byGil Amelioas CEO. Gil Am elio made umteen changes at Apple, including extensive layoffs. 54After multiple failed attempts to improve Mac OS, first with theTaligentproject, then(prenominal) later withCoplandandGershwin, Amelio chose to purchaseNeXTand itsNeXTSTEPoperating system, bringing Steve Jobs back to Apple as an advisor. 55On July 9, 1997, Gil Amelio was ousted by the board of directors after overseeing a three-year record-low stock price and crippling financial losses.Jobs became the interim CEO and began restructuring the companys product line. 19982005 refund to profitability On August 15, 1998, Apple introduced a new all-in-one computer reminiscent of theMacintosh 128K theiMac. The iMac design team was led byJonathan Ive, who would later design theiPodand theiPhone. 5960The iMac featured modern technology and a unique design, and sold almost 800,000 units in its first five months. 61 On May 19, 2001, Apple opened the first ordainedApple Retail Storesin Virginia and California. 69Later on July 9 they bought Spruce Technologies, aDVD authoringcompany. On October 23 of the same year, Apple proclaimed theiPodportabledigital audio player, and started selling it on November 10. The product was phenomenally successful over 100 million units were sold within sextuplet years. 7071 20072011 iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad Delivering his keynote speech at theMacworld exhibitionon January 9, 2007, Jobs announced that Apple Computer, Inc. would from that point on be known as Apple Inc. because computers were no longer the main focus of the company, which had shifted its emphasis to mobile electronic devices. The event also saw the announcement of theiPhoneand theApple TV. 83The following day, Apple shares hit $97. 80, an all-time high at that point. In May, Apples share price passed the $100 mark. 84 In October 2010, Apple shares hit an all-time high, eclipsing $300. 98Additionally, on October 20, Apple updated theirMacBook Airlaptop,iLifesuite of applications, and unveiledMac OS X Lion, the latest installment intheir Mac OS X operating system. 99On January 6, 2011, the company opened theirMac App Store, a digital software distribution platform, similar to the existing iOS App Store. 100Apple was featured in the documentarySomething Venturedwhich premiered in 2011. 2011present PostSteve Jobs era On January 17, 2011, Jobs announced in an internal Apple memo that he would take another(prenominal) medical leave of absence, for an indefinite period, to allow him to focus on his health. forefront operating officerTim Cooktook up Jobs day-to-day operations at Apple, although Jobs would still remain involved in major strategic decisions for the company. 101Apple became the most valuable consumer-facing brand in the world. 102 On October 4, 2011, Apple announced theiPhone 4S, which includes an improved camera with 1080p video recording, a dual core A5 chip capable of 7 times faster graphics than the A4, an intelligent software assistant namedSiri, and cloud-sourced d ata withiCloud. 110111One day later, on October 5, 2011, Apple announced that Jobs had died, fall guy the end of an era for Apple Inc. - Culture CorporateApple was one of several highly successful companies founded in the 1970s that bucked the traditional notions of what acorporate cultureshould look like in organizational hierarchy (flat versus tall, passing(a) versus formal attire, etc. ). Other highly successful firms with similar pagan aspects from the same period includeSouthwest AirlinesandMicrosoft. Originally, the company stood in antonym to staid competitors likeIBMby default, thanks to the influence of its founders Steve Jobs often walked around the office barefoot even after Apple was aFortune 500company.By the time of the1984 TV ad, this trait had become a key way the company attempted to differentiate itself from its competitors. 142 Users Apples brands loyalty is considered eccentric for any product. At one time,Apple evangelistswere actively engaged by the compa ny, but this was after the phenomenon was already firmly established. Apple evangelist big cat Kawasakihas called the brand fanaticism something that was stumbled upon. 154Apple has, however, supported the continuing existence of a network ofMac User Groupsin most major and many minor centers of population where Mac computers are available.Mac users would meet at the EuropeanApple Expoand the San FranciscoMacworld Conference & Expotrade shows where Apple traditionally introduced new products each year to the industry and public until Apple pulled out of both events. While the conferences continue, Apple does not have official representation there. Mac developers, in turn, continue to gather at the annual AppleWorldwide Developers Conference. - Corporate affairsDuring the Macs early history Apple generally refused to direct prevailing industry ideals for hardware, instead creating their own. 161This trend was largely reversed in the late 1990s beginning with Apples adoption of theP CIbus in the7500/8500/9500Power Macs. Apple has since adoptedUSB,AGP,HyperTransport,Wi-Fi, and other industry standards in its computers and was in some cases a leader in the adoption of standards such as USB. 162FireWireis an Apple-originated standard that has seen widespread industry adoption after it was standardized asIEEE 1394. 163 home base Apple Inc. s world corporate headquarters are set in the middle ofSilicon Valley, at 1-6Infinite Loop,Cupertino, California. This Apple campus has six buildings that total 850,000 square feet (79,000 m2) and was built in 1993 by Sobrato Development Cos. 167 - pay In its fiscal year ending in September 2011, Apple Inc. hit new heights financially with $108 billion in revenues change magnitude significantly from $65 billion in 2010 and nearly $82 billion available in cash reserve, but the market share reduced to 15 percent from 16. 6 percent. 219

Home School vs. Public School Essay

I prefer foot tutorhouse over in the public eye(predicate) tuition which one do you prefer? in that respect atomic number 18 both pros and cons for both Home Schooling and Public Schooling. I am going to explain this all to you in my essay. I personally was crime syndicate schooled for a few years during affectionateness and high school. solely of elementary school and part of middle school I went to a regular school. My reasoning for choosing to be home schooled is I take for Agoraphobia which is an dread disorder caused by situations where people perceive the environment as be difficult to escape or get help. As soon as I would walk into a class room I would lead a panic attack.One thing I liked close to public school was beingness able to play volleyball. I love playing it for the little bit of time that I was in middle school. Even though I wasnt really all that great, So I didnt play very much. That is one con of being home schooled. You ignore non play sports affiliated with any school. A pro for public schooling is you have a group environment to learn in with others to help you. On the other hand with home schooling you atomic number 18 on your own. In home schooling you have less choices of computer program as you would if you were going to public school. You also have more vicissitude in public school.When going to public school you have a higher student to teacher ratio, now with home schooling in that respect is a small teacher to student ratio. In home schooling you are free to choose your schedule, as in public school your schedule is strict and chosen for you. Public school chooses the curriculum for you. remote in home schooling you can choose your own. There are now roughly millions of children being home schooled. Being home schooled teaches students to be independent in their learning choices. Sometimes home schooling can be more expensive than going to public school.Teachers are non al fashions qualified to teach all subjects, and colleges sometimes have stricter assenting policies concerning home schooled students. It is also harder to provide social interaction when being home schooled. Like I had stated before I prefer home schooling but everyone has their own opinions. This is the reason why I have enrolled myself into the University of Phoenix online. So that I can have the flexibility of my classes, this way I can work around my everyday life and not miss out when it comes to spending time with my boys. I hope that the instruction in my essay was helpful to you.

The Impact of Information Technology Infrastructure Flexibility on Strategic Alignment and Applications Implementation

The touch of Information Technology substructure Flexibility on strategical bond and Applications Implementation Sock H. Chung Department of Computer Information Systems College of Business easterly Michigan University Ypsilanti, MI 48197 sock. emailprotected emich. edu R. Kelly Rainer, Jr. ** Department of Management College of Business chromatic University Auburn, Alabama 36849 (334) 844-6527 emailprotected auburn. edu Bruce R. Lewis Calloway School of Business Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC 27109 (336) 758-7195 emailprotected edu ** Corresponding motive Kelly RainerThe Impact of Information Technology Infrastructure Flexibility on Strategic Alignment and Applications Implementation Abstract IT groundwork flexibility is now organism viewed as an boldnessal eye competency that is necessary for administrations to survive and thrive in rapidly-changing, competitive, bloodline environments. Utilizing data from 200 U. S. and Canadian companies, this try clears the affect of the cardinal functions of IT stem flexibility (compatibility, connectivity, modularity, and IT personnel) on strategic IT- work conglutination and the issue of applications capital punishment within an organization.The findings from analysis of a structural model leave behind evidence that connectivity, modularity, and IT personnel nurture significant, positive impacts on strategic alignment and that all four components have significant, positive impacts on the extent of applications implementation. The get a line reinforces the importance of IT alkali flexibility to organizations as one source for sustain equal competitive advantage. Key Words IT basis flexibility, strategic IT-business alignment I. accounting entryIn the early 1990s, Johnson & Johnson faced brand-new business pressures when large customers, such(prenominal) as Wal-Mart and K-mart, made new demands on the fraternity, such as embody savings and just-in- beat stock replenishment. Johnso n & Johnsons business and IT managers acted in partnership to soften a new set of learning engine room (IT) stem capabilities which modifyd the company to provide the necessary go for its large customers while at the analogous clip reducing costs at Johnson & Johnson Weill & Broadbent, 1998. In the late 1990s, Charles Schwab rivet on delivering customized information to its investors in a timely manner.Using the companys IT bag and applications aligned with its business focus, Schwab became a full service brokerage cockeyed. The firm was able to provide information and process transactions in come across its business objectives. Customers could retrieve stock quotes and place orders via Schwabs Web site. As a result, the corporation continues to be an industry leader. These two examples demonstrate that an organizations IT al-Qaida can provide tangible benefits and a continuity of business practices Kettinger, Grover, Subanish, & Segars, 1994.A particularly important ch aracteristic of IT infrastructure is flexibility Byrd & food turner, 2000. Researchers have stated that IT infrastructure flexibility should be viewed as an organisational subject matter competency and that IT infrastructure flexibility is necessary to handle change magnitude customer demands with step up increased costs Davenport & Linder, 1994 Weill, 1993. As we discuss next in ontogeny the theoretical framework for our study, two important aspects of IT infrastructure flexibility even up out from previous research the lens nucleus business applications of an organization and the strategic IT-business alignment.That is, an organizations IT infrastructure flexibility should be reflected in its implementation of core business applications and the extent of its strategic IT-business alignment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to empirically examine the relationship between IT infrastructure flexibility and the extent of applications implementation in the organization and the relationship between IT infrastructure flexibility and strategic IT-business alignment. II. theoretic FRAMEWORK We develop our theoretical framework by first reviewing definitions of IT infrastructure and its components.We then define the concept of IT infrastructure flexibility and its relationship to strategic IT-business alignment and to applications implementation in the organization. Information Technology Infrastructure The theme of IT infrastructure has been a key issue for both researchers and practicing managers for some time see e. g. , Brancheau, Janz, & Wetherbe, 1996. The organizations IT infrastructure basically integrates technology components to encourage business needs but the IT infrastructure concept is more complicated. The definition of IT infrastructure encompasses a variant of components.Based on previous studies, Duncan 1995 stated that IT infrastructure includes a group of divided up, tangible IT resources that provide a grounding to enable present and future business applications Broadbent & Weill, 1997 Davenport & Linder, 1994 Earl, 1989 Keen, 1991 McKay & Brockway, 1989 Niederman, Brancheau, & Wetherbe, 1991 Weill, 1993. These resources include (1) computer hardwargon and packet (e. g. , operating systems) (2) network and tele communication theory technologies (3) key data (4) core data-processing applications 5) ploughshared IT services. Duncan 1995 in addition stated that IT infrastructure includes the alignment of IT plans to business objectives, the IT architecture, and the skills of IT personnel. Broadbent and Weill 1997 noned that IT infrastructure capabilities enable the various types of IT applications necessary to support current and future business objectives, and enable the competitive positioning of business initiatives. McKay and Brockway 1989 described IT infrastructure as the enable mental institution of shared IT capabilities upon which the entire business depends.This foundation is standardized and s hared by business functions within the organization, and typically applyd by diametric organisational applications. Byrd and Turner 2000, p. 172 provided a thorough definition of IT infrastructure as the shared IT resources consisting of a technical physical base of hardware, software, communications technologies, data, and core applications and a charitable component of skills, expertise, competencies, commitments, values, norms, and knowledge that combine to create IT services that are typically unique to an organization.These IT services provide a foundation for communications interchange across the entire organization and for the development and implementation of present and future business applications. As can be seen from these definitions, the IT infrastructure is composed of two components a technical IT infrastructure and a piece IT infrastructure. The technical infrastructure consists of the applications, data, and technology Broadbent & Weill, 1997 Broadbent, Weill, OBrien & Neo, 1996 Henderson & Venkatraman, 1993.The human IT infrastructure consists of the knowledge and capabilities required to manage organizational IT resources Broadbent & Weill, 1997 Lee, Trauth & Farwell, 1995. Davenport and Linder 1994 suggested that a robust IT infrastructure enables employees to be able to perform their respective jobs, both from having the available technology and the necessary technological skills. Information Technology Infrastructure Flexibility Early work on IT infrastructure flexibility described the concept without actually defining it.Weill 1993 insist that an IT infrastructure should be supple to be able to handle increased customer demands without increased costs. Davenport and Linder 1994 stated that IT infrastructure flexibility should be viewed as a core competency of the organization and suggested that an effective IT infrastructure is tractile and robust. Duncan 1995 observed that one organizations IT infrastructure may enable strateg ic innovations in business processes, while anothers IT infrastructure may limit such innovations.She referred to this characteristic as IT infrastructure flexibility and suggested that both business and IT application development capabilities reflect the flexibility of infrastructure components. She suggested that infrastructure flexibility improves systems developers ability to design and build systems to meet organizational business objectives. She described IT infrastructure flexibility through the characteristics of connectivity, compatibility, and modularity. She maintained that an organization with high modularity, compatibility, and connectivity would have high technical IT infrastructure flexibility.Compatibility is the ability to share any type of information across any technology component throughout the organization Duncan, 1995 Keen, 1991. Tapscott and Caston 1993 noted that IT compatibility helps span organizational boundaries, empower employees, and make data, informa tion, and knowledge readily available in the organization. Connectivity is the ability of any technology component to communicate with any of the other components inside and outside of the organizational environment Duncan, 1995.Tapscott and Caston 1993 emphasized that IT connectivity enables seamless and transparent organizations that are independent of time and space. Connectivity facilitates the sharability of IT resources at the platform level. Modularity is the ability to easily reconfigure (add, modify, or remove) technology components Duncan, 1995. She similarly stated that modularity is the standardization of business processes for sharability and reusability (e. g. , structured programming and component-based software architectures).schilling 2000 suggested that modularity is a continuum describing the degree to which a systems components can be separated and recombined. Byrd and Turner 2000, p. 172 defined IT infrastructure flexibility as the ability to easily and readil y diffuse or support a wide variety of hardware, software, communications technologies, data, core applications, skills and competencies, commitments, and values within the technical physical base and the human component of the existing IT infrastructure. Historically, the flexibility of the IT infrastructure has been viewed as necessary to bear a rapidly changing business environment Byrd & Turner, 2001. This flexibility enables businesses to in effect use IT to prosper in dynamic environments. The literature review points out that strategic IT-business alignment and core business applications are embedded in the definitions of IT infrastructure and IT infrastructure flexibility.However, the actual relationships between IT infrastructure flexibility and strategic IT-business alignment and between IT infrastructure flexibility and business applications have not been empirically tested. We test these relationships through our abstract model. III. CONCEPTUAL MODEL IT Infrastructure Flexibility and Strategic IT-Business Alignment Strategic IT-business alignment refers to the extent to which the IT mission, objectives, and plans support, and are supported by, the organizations mission, objectives, and plans Hirscheim & Sabherwal, 2000.This alignment creates an integrated organization in which every function, unit, and person are focused on the organizations competitiveness. Sambamurthy and Zmud 1992 suggested that IT management is a problem of aligning the relationship between the business and the IT infrastructure to take advantage of IT opportunities and capabilities. Duncan 1995 first included the alignment of IT plans to business objectives in her explanation of IT infrastructure. She continued by noting that an organizations IT infrastructure could be considered flexible if it enabled strategic innovations in business processes.Broadbent and Weill 1997 stated that IT infrastructure capabilities provide the foundation for competitive positioning of business initiatives. From this discussion, we propose the following venture possibility 1 Each component of an organizations IT infrastructure flexibility result positively affect the organizations strategic IT-business alignment. IT Infrastructure Flexibility and Applications Implementation Today, IT applications not solo process data and provide management information reports.Corporations now use IT applications to gain competitive advantage Earl, 1989 Porter & Millar, 1985 Powell, 1992 Saunders & Jones, 1992 Smith & McKeen, 1993 to create new business opportunities Earl, 1989 Rockart & Scott-Morton, 1984 Smith & McKeen ,1993 to improve customer service to enhance harvest-festival and service quality and to integrate supplier and customer operations Luftman, Lewis, & Oldach, 1993. several(prenominal) studies have included business applications as part of IT infrastructure see e. . , Broadbent & Weill, 1997 Byrd & Turner, 2000 Duncan, 1995. Duncan 1995 communicate business applicat ions when she asserted that IT infrastructure flexibility enabled organizations to build applications that more virtually satisfy business objectives. Broadbent and Weill 1997 stated that IT infrastructure capabilities are the base for computer applications. Byrd and Turner 2000 noted that IT infrastructure flexibility enabled organizations to easily diffuse and supportcore applications. For this study, we use the extent to which organizations have implemented a variety of business applications to examine the concept of applications implementation. These eleven business applications in our study include transaction processing systems, management information systems, executive information systems, decision support systems, expert systems, data warehousing, data mining, interorganizational information systems (e. g. , electronic data interchange), knowledge management, network management, and disaster recovery.From this discussion, we propose the following hypothesis Hypothesis 2 E ach component of an organizations IT infrastructure flexibility will positively affect the organizations extent of applications implementation. Conceptual Model This study utilizes four previously identified measures of IT infrastructure flexibility the technical components of modularity, compatibility, connectivity, and IT personnel skills see Duncan, 1995 Byrd & Turner, 2000. The conceptual model representing the relationships addressed in this study is presented in Figure 1. pic* p

Case analysis-Harrington Collection Essay

Problem identificationIn 2008, Harrington collecting, a large maker and retailer of U.S. higher(prenominal)-end womens drape, was facing opportunities and challenges whether to effectuate of dynamical- tire out point of intersections to meet the market and customers needs. plainly according to the macro scotch environment, the target market, competitors and its take in financial condition, Harrington needed to express c atomic number 18ful consid eration and then make the best decision for their deliver development. The U.S. womens arrange industry market place trendsFrom the data of U.S. Apparel Market Sale (2002-07), we could find out that, pull down when subjected to the conflict of the economic downturn, the U.S. womens apparel industry remained in a mature and st adapted give in and held by continued exploitation momentum. The Retail Sales increased from $106 billion in 2002, to $133 billion in 2007. The aver bestride annual return ordinate is 4.7%. It showed that the total sales of the womens apparel industry did non regain the macroeconomic strike. Consumers still had a high desire to go shopping. At the resembling time, analyzed the data from U.S. Apparel Market Units, influenced by the economic downturn, consumers were to a greater extent than than interested in slight than $100, low-priced womens apparel. From 2005 to 2007, the growth set of units change in more(prenominal) than $200 is 3.4%, the result growth ordain of between $100-200 is 1.4%, and $50 to 100 crossroad growth rate is 14.3%, while less than $50 low-priced products have the highest growth rate of 16.1%. The low- make up market has a great opportunity for manufacturers.Characteristics and competitionThe value chain of the womens apparel industry is some (1) branding (2) innovation (3) buying (4) production (5) channel merchandise (6) distri thoion and (7) retailing. In the era of apparel products are coitus homogenization, price war seems to become a common method to erode the market handle of each archeozoic(a) between brands. Each brand need to face how toeffectively subdue tolls. Many brands established overseas plants or outsourced to overseas factories. This could reduce their court of production and labor. Through effective monitoring, the overseas factorys products overly have a good quality. This makes the increased competition on the market.Womens apparel retailers included segment stores, mass merchandisers, military strength stores, and warehouse clubs/supercenters. Among them, the specialty stores got the 1st position, 58.6% share of channel, changed 11% from 2005 to 2007. The 2nd place is department store, 19.0%. hole merchandisers got the 3rd position with 11.4%. In the retailing womens apparel for the U.S. market, the virtually important distribution channel is specialty store.Harrington ingatheringCompanys backgroundAs a n primordial 50-year history of the womens apparel brand, Harrington assembly has a clear market positioning. Targeted at the high-end market is the reliable intention of Harrington hookup. The 1980s, the Harrington Collection expanded vitality and Christina Cole brands, the product striving aimed at the younger customer market. Because of their superior quality, knowledgeable sales staff and traffic patterner styles, they have a group of loyal customers.Four product linesHarrington Collection targeted affluent, fashionable, college-educated, professional women from 25 to 60. This come with has four product lines, cover three compartmentalizations (Designer, Bridge, and snap off) of the womens apparel market. They targeted women of different ages, different background, and different family income. The Harrington Limited, as the Designer classification. This product line focuses on the Designer Collection, targets the customer as Sophisticated Elegance. Their age is from 35 to 60, an average household income is more than $200k. The retail price range is $500-$1000+. And it has 20% of Market Share, as the Cash Cow. It shows Harrington Collections market position is a high-end brand. Harrington Limited is the companys most important product, and as a high-end brand, the products could show the strength of Harrington Collection. The Sopra, positions as the Bridge classification. This product line focuses on the eve Wear it targets the consumers of Status Seeker.The retail priceis nearly $400-$800. Most of the customers are 35-60 household income is more than $150k. The market share of Sopra is the last(a) among the four product lines, only if 5%. It is the Dog product, but the Evening Wear means the high-end position of a company, Harrington Collection needs to slip by this product line. The Christina Cole, positions as the Bridge classification. This product line focuses on the high-end flight Wear it targets the customers of Office Chic, with the price from $300-$700. The average information of the customers is 30-55, with more than $100k household income. The market share is 8%. The market positioning of this classifications products are really competitive, so 8% is acceptable. It is the Star. The muscularity, part classifications product line, focuses on the Career Wear. Targeted customers are row Setter. They are from 25 to 50, with more than $75k household income. As the targeted age of the customers is younger than the others product lines, this line is full of fresh and flexible. It is able to adapt to the needs of the market to react and change, the Star.Manufactory dodgingHarrington Collection does not set up overseas factories in Asia or outsourcing, for ii reasons. First, they expected of high-quality womens apparel products, good quality make their products to tie high-end consumers. Second, they hoped to catch up with the fashion, the close plants allow for have a high speed to deliver their product to the retail department, it could be able to benefactor the brand issue seasons trend styles with the fastest speed. This schema improves the cost of product, but it exit attend to enhance the brand image. diligent deliverIn recent years, more and more of the company launched its own expeditious persist products, just like hoodie, pants, and tee-shirt. Consumers buy nimble mounts aimed not just in gym, but worn in e reallyday life. Consumers believe that active wear is very comfortable, very fresh, and very casual. There is too a very important reason, active wear is relatively cheap. In 2007, the moderate and budget classifications got 80% of market share on the apparel market and sold 7.5 million units in that year. exclusively in 2009, many brands started to transform at the level of the better active wear. The average selling price was just below $100.By such changes in the market, wecan see that the consumers demand of high-grade active wear was increased. And consumers are pass oning and able to buy high-end active wear.Active wear of pizzaz D ivisionTo Harrington Collection, in 2007 and 2008, the active wear market was not suitable for them to locate a high-end brand. Their brands, Vigor, the lowest level of the product line, but also achieve the Better classification. At that time, the consumers were more interested in the cheaper products. But the Market trends had a sudden shift in 2009, so Harrington Collection got an excellent opportunity to join into the active wear market. Harrington Collections Vigor brand is the most suitable for the introduction of active wear products. In the minds of consumers, Harrington Collection is a high-end brand, if Vigor was able to launch active wear products, would be favored by the consumers of high-end brands. Vigors styles were much more flexible than the others brands of Harrington Collection. And the core styles of active wear were roughly fresh and lifestyle. As a brand of Harrington Collection, Vigor continued the dodging of their company, provided the high quality and agil ity products to fix the consumers needs, wants, and demands.This would attract the existing customers of Harrington Collection to purchase Vigor active wear products, because they believed that these garments were high quality and fashion. The Vigor team made decision about pricing. That hoodie, tee-shirt, and pants would be $100, $40, and $80, it seemed not a very high price, the working-class even could afford for them. It could patron Vigor to get shares in the market of moderate classification. However, the establishment of a new product line requires the purchase of new equipment, the new plant, fit with the appropriate staff. Harrington Collection needed to build a management team, design team. However, even the prospects of the market were perfect, but it still had a high venture to invest. Because of the market was full of un realties. But as a very smart project, Harrington Collection should carry out investment and development.Potential retail potBecause of the Vigor has laid a foundation, with a number of loyal customers. The active wears released as a new product sold in the presentmarket. Consumers can purchase the Vigor products from company-owned stores, upscale department and sociality stores. Company-owned stores sales and units are about 20% of the other deuce chassiss stores.Company-owned storesAs the retail group of the Harrington Collection, they operated 120 stores, 50 of them were utilize solely to the Vigor division. As the advantages of these stores that belong to the comparable forest fourth-year enterprise distribution strategy can be effective implementation. Harrington Collection can avoid large retailers control, independent development and implementation of the marketing strategy. In these stores, Harrington Collection can be unified planning, unified propaganda, to help establish and enhance brand image. The stores management can be more forecast contact with the market, and is easy to understand the changes in market demand, and at first time to adjust the marketing strategy. But with the high run costs, many involve the management of business, need to invest a agglomerate of manpower, material and financial resources.Upscale department and sociality storesAs another two very important sales channels, they sold 80% of the Harrington Collections products. Both the two storefronts implement the same plan and strategy, with a certain degree of stability and integrity, and at the same time are able to avoid the vicious competition among the channel members. However, in this distribution channel, the prices of the earlier link directly decide the latter part of the cost.Vigors active-wearThe Vigor active-wears pricing relative to other products is relatively low, less than $100. This series is a strong attraction for consumers. In the initial launch, Vigor would be vigorously publicized. With Harrington Collections brand awareness, it was estimated that due to the occurrent market demand is relat ively large, and will soon get a valid response. The pricing strategy of Vigor active-wear is market skimming prices. Although these prices are lower than the other products of Vigor. But the variable costs of these products are only $20.55 (Hoodie), $7.50 (Tee-shirt), and $16.40 (Pants). The pricings are $100.00 (Hoodie), $40.00 (Tee-shirt), and $80 (Pants). Even with other related variable costs, and the contumacious costs aswell as the construction of the plant, the purchase of equipment, and the administrative expenses of the management.The total cost of the product is much lower than the pricing. This pricing strategy can maximize profits of each single product. And it will not chance upon their own brand positioning to consumers buying enthusiasm. These products as same with other products of Vigor, will perform the same sales strategy concurrent promotion. The active-wear will not become a special product, which will affect the attitude of consumers to Vigor, that the acti ve-wear of lower grade, or a decline in sales situations.Vigors competitors reactionBetter levelPositioning Better level the active-wear market is very competitive. Liz Claibornes Juicy Couture was one of the early leaders in this market. The leading companies, such as Jones Apparel radical and Liz Claiborne, both of them had a high share in the womens apparel market. Even more, most of their products positioned in the Better classification. After Harrington Collection released Vigor series active-wear, the two companies will certainly respond. These two competitors in the boilersuit grade lower than Harrington Collection, but because they build factories in the third world, their cost is lower than Harrington Collection, so they can drive down prices, establish a price war in this Better classification.At the same level, the relative homogenizations of active-wear products make it difficult to get a breakthrough in the design. So the price seems to have become a major factor in man y consumers choice. Each company will be fully develop characteristics of their own companys products, in order to attract more loyal customers, and seize the market share of other companies.Other levelsCompetitors with the same grade of the Harrington Collection will seize this opportunity to enter the active-wear market. They will not have a distinct advantage in the price, even in the presence of a disadvantage. But their quality may be higher, more innovative style design fabric selection will be more comfortable. These products will attract high-end consumers details. The low-end brands will not impact on the formation of Vigor. They target different customer groups, both the customers will not beinfluenced by each other. There is no direct competition, but would impact overall active-wear market share. Potential financial impact of Vigor active-wear manufacturing group The establishment and promotion of a new product needs to Harrington Collection invest. As the Vigor active- wear manufacturing group, this part of the investment is very high. The pants equipment be was about $2 million and plant start-up cost estimated at $1.2 million.This programs cost estimated $3 million. The hoodie and tee-shirts equipment costing was about $2.5 million and plant start-up cost estimated at $2.5 million. This programs cost estimated $3.5 million. The expenses of national advertising and public relations campaign were estimated at $2 million. The carrying of active-wear line for every company-owned store was $50000 per store. The total carrying expense was about $2.5 million for 50 company-owned stores. The other data will be calculated in the form at the end of this part. In the end, the profit onwards tax in 2009 was $6,304,590. The profit margin before tax was 15.8%. act decisionA mature company should be good at discovering market opportunities, and seize the opportunity. Every investment has its risks, and identifies real opportunities for each company is very important. As people increasingly focus on applicative demand for clothing, active-wear has good market prospects, and Harrington Collection has an advantage for the development of this product line. Even though the initial investment is huge, but this product is also huge gains. These products sale for a period of time thenthe early investment will be recovered form earnings. Harrington Collection should permit Vigor add this product line.

Pros and Cons of Large Universities Essay

University, as stated in The Oxford Dictionary, is an educational institution intentional for instruction, examination, or both, of students in many branches of advanced learning. Like any new(prenominal) institution, it may be categorized as either good or bad depending on its level of excellence, how rise it prep ares its students for the working environment, etc. These delimitate factors and other essential comp mavennts, determine whether a certain university is a laudable vagabond to go to school. Thus, based on these defining features, it can be said that Florida severalize is an exceptional institution to attend college.As previously menti unitaryd, Florida State University is a wonderful place to attend college, as it is considered one of the best research universities in Florida. For instance, unlike some universities, it provides students with the facilities to experiment in the laboratory and gain firsthand experiences in analyzing and understanding their field of interest. That is, it grants students the hazard to apply what they learn in class to real life situations, thus enabling a greater understanding of their field of interest.It also enables them to take independently and critically rather than solely memorizing the information taught to them. In humanitarian to the above, FSU consists of many libraries such as Dirac, and Strozier, which conveniently house an extensive arrangement of books and research papers. These libraries are the homes of many tutors and professors who are there specifically to armed service students in reinforcing the subject matter learned. These tutoring sessions are free of charge, and allows for personalized vigilance outside of the classroom.Furthermore, Florida State also provides its pupils with an opportunity to study abroad for one semester. This program is advantageous as it gives students the ability to interact with new cultures and task their way of life. It helps them to contract well round ed individuals capable of looking beyond the surface, and also allows for personal, intellectual and spiritual development. Last but not least, FSU is a great school because it provides a communal environment whereby people of contrastive cultures can interact and share their ideals, values, and beliefs.It allows them to actively participate in activities that get ahead a relationship between people of different ethnicities, and engages students to utilize the cognition they obtain to make informed judgments. Neverthe slight, like any other institution, Florida State University has its disadvantages. One such disadvantage would be the sizes of the classroom. For instance, many classes range from a student body of 200-300. This can prove disadvantageous because there is less student-teacher interaction and fewer opportunities for students to grasp the information being taught.Also, the out-of-state tuition for students, who are not residents of Florida, may prove to be very costly. Lastly, some professors put up little regard for their students progression and are focused solely on their area of research. In conclusion, despite these disadvantages, Florida State is a great place to attend college because it is one of the best research universities in Florida. Additionally, it strives to educate its pupils to become well rounded individuals-capable of asserting themselves beyond their field of interest, as well as provides them with many opportunities to grow both spiritually and mentally.

Effects of British Colonial Rule in India Essay

The colonization of India and the immense transfer of wealth that moved from the last menti sensationd to Britain were vital to the success of the British Empire. In fact, the Viceroy of British India in 1894 called India the pivot of our Empire I examine the effects of the industrial transmutation on the subcontinent. Besides high uplighting the fact that without cheap labor and sensible materials from India, the modernization of Britain during this era would fox been highly unlikely, I will face how colonial policy led to the privation and death of one thousand millions of ind nearlyings.I solve that magic spell India un incertitudeedly benefited from British colonial rein in, the invalidatings for the subject good deal further outweighed the positives. . Colonialism, by definition, is exploitative and op bidive, with the rulers enriching themselves at the expense of those they rule. Generally speaking, colonizers dominate a territorys re inaugurations, labor force, and grocerys oftentimes, they impose structures cultural, religious and/or linguistic to maintain comprise all e rattlingwhere the indigenous population. The effects of the expansion of European empires, which began in the 15th century, on the colonized can still be felt at present.Some historians, for example, argue that colonialism is one of the jumper cable causes in income divergence among countries in present times. They cite patterns of European set uptlement as deciding(prenominal) forces in the type of institutions developed in colonized countries, considering them major factors in economic backwardness. Economist Luis Angeles has argued that the higher the section of Europeans settling in a colony at its peak, the greater the inequality in that country so long as the settlers remained a minority, suggesting that the colonizers drained those lands of essential resources while reaping most, if non all, of the emoluments.In terms of per capita GDP in 1995, the 2 0 poorest countries were all motive colonies, which would seem to bolster Angeles contention. There are, however, competing views on how much chthonicdevelopment in todays poorest countries is a byproduct of colonial rule and how much of it is influenced by factors such as a countrys lack of immanent resources or area characteristics.For poet, activist and politician Aime Cesaire, the verdict was in Colonizers were the deciding(prenominal) actors the adventurer and the pirate, the wholesale grocer and the ship owner, the gold digger and the merchant, appetite and force, and screwing them, the baleful projected shadow of a form of civilization which, at a certain point in its history, finds itself obliged, for internal reasons, to ext send forth to a initiation scale the competition of its antagonistic economies. This is non to suggest that horse opera European nations were the first and unless countries to pursue imperialistic policies or that zipper good came out of co lonial policies for the subject population.Dinesh DSouza, while lay out that colonialism has left many positive as well as negative legacies, has stressed that thither is nothing eccentricly Western approximately colonialism, constitution Those who identify colonialism and empire however with the West either have no sense of history or have forgotten about the Egyptian empire, the Persian empire, the Macedonian empire, the Islamic empire, the Mongol empire, the Chinese empire, and the Aztec and Inca empires in the Americas. For this storys purposes, however, I will focus on the British Empire, its colonizing efforts in India (1757-1947), and the effects British policy had on that subject population. A play off of caveats before examining the British-Indian relationship experiences differed from colony to colony during this period of European imperialism India was unique in the colonial experience because of its size and history. It as well should be remark that India was r ather unique among colonized lands during this era for at least(prenominal) two reasons.First, South Asia was already a major player in foundation duty and possessed a well-developed trading and financial world by the time Europeans arrived. Indigenous administrative structures already existed for taxation purposes, while commerce within the country and passim the continent offered prospects of giant profits. Second, British India, which include todays India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, was a region so blown-up that there were areas in which Britain exercised direct obtain over the subject population and others where it exerted confirmative control.It is exceedingly difficult, therefore, to extrapolate from one experience to another. Although it is impossible to determine how India would have developed had England never established a dominating presence there, I find the results of British colonialism to have been a mixed bag for India the negatives, however, uttermost outweig hed the positives. Liberal and democratic aspects of British colonialism in India compete a momentous percentage in leading to a democratic South Asia pursual Indian independence in 1947.Yet, the British first through the vitamin E India conjunction and and then through direct government control held some all of the semipolitical and economic power in India during the Empires expansion and apogee, guaranteeing the Indian delivery could not evolve and/or persist in hooklike of the ruling powers control ensuring raw materials extracted from Indian soil would go towards British manufacturing industries mostly without profiting the vast majority of Indians and leading to lives of privation for millions of indigenous subjects.Although there have been arguments made that, in political and economic terms, south Asia was backwards until the arrival of Europeans, recent research has debunked that myth, cover the region to have possessed healthy trading and financial structures previous to the Europeans arrival. British Colonial Strategy in the Subcontinent Imperial powers followed two elementary strategies when colonizing. They either allowed a large amount of Europeans to settle overseas (known as Settler Colonies) or sent a much smaller soma usually less than 1 percent of the population to serve as administrators and tax collectors (known as Peasant Colonies).Britain followed the latter strategy in regards to India. The percentage of English people in India in 1913, for example, was only 0. 1 percent of the countrys population by comparison, they accounted for over one-fifth (21. 4 percent) of the population in South Africa and Losetho during the same period. As previously mentioned, Britain exerted some(prenominal) direct and indirect control over the Indian subcontinent. Areas of indirect control are called native states. These were controlled by Indian rulers who wielded considerable power over the internal disposal of the land, while the Bri tish exercised complete control over the areas defense and foreign policies. When looking at this two-pronged climb up Britain took in establishing an Indian colony, the economist Lakshmi Iyer has argued that there is a differential long-run effect on areas the Empire controlled instanter compared to areas in which it basically outsourced control. or else than expropriating Indian land, which was negligible, the English taxed Indian land, producing considerable revenues and inducing the indigenous population to shift from traditional to commercial products (e. g. tea). Areas that were directly at a lower place British control today have significantly lower levels of public goods relative to areas that were not under direct colonial rule. In 1961, for example, districts (administrative divisions below state level) that had been under direct control of the British Empire had lower levels of primary and centre schools, as well as medical dispensaries.Present-day differences amids t directly and indirectly controlled areas, Iyer argues, are most likely the result of differences in internal administration during the colonial period because once the British left in 1947, all the native states were integrated into independent India and have since been subject to a uniform administrative, legal and political structure. The society and the Crown By the nerve of the eighteenth century, there were five major European colonial powers the Dutch Republic, France, Great Britain, Portugal, and Spain.From about 1850 on, however, Britains overseas empire would be peerless by 1901, the empire would encompass 11. 2 million square miles and rule about 400 million people. For much of the 19th and twentieth centuries, India was Britains largest and economically most important colony, an empire within an empire. It should be far-famed that although this period coincided with the birth of the Industrial Revolution historians and economists have cast doubt on whether industr ialization was the sine qua non for British imperialism.They have berthd that Englands first major advance into the Indian subcontinent began in Bengal in the essence of the 18th century, long before large-scale mechanization turned Britain into the workshop of the world. Historian P. J. Marshall, in studying early British imperialism, has written As a blanket term the Industrial Revolution explains relatively lilliputian about British expansion in general at the end of the eighteenth century. While Marshall and others may be correct in asserting the British would have pursued empire even without the Industrial Revolution, its advent impacted colonial policy in that it required expand markets and a steady supply of raw materials to feed the countrys manufacturing industries. Cotton, for example, was one of the driving forces behind the evolution of Britains modern economy. British traders purchased raw cotton fibers from plantations, processed it into cotton cloth in Lancashire mills, and then exported them to the colonial markets including India.Prior to the Industrial Revolution, India had been the worlds main producer of cotton textiles, with a substantial export trade. By the early nineteenth century, however, Britain had get ton over dominating the world market for cotton textiles establish on technology that lowered production costs . This dramatic neuter in international competitive advantage during the Industrial Revolution was certainly one of the key episodes in the Great Divergence of living standards among Europe and Asia. Britains 200-year run ruling India began in the mid-17th century when the British vitamin E India Company set up trading posts in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta.In 1757, Robert Clive led Company-financed troops led by British officers and staffed by native soldiers known as sepoys in a victory over French-backed Indian forces. The victory at the Battle of battle of Plassey made the East India Company the leading power i n the country. It would dominate India for just over snow old age, the area it controlled growing over that time to encompass modern Bangladesh, a majority of southern India and most of the territory along the Ganges River in the north of the country.The East India Companys control of Bengal alone yielded taxes of to the highest degree 3 million by 1818, its territorial revenues in India stood at 22 million, allowing it to finance one of the worlds largest standing armies. This established British rule well before the Industrial Revolution could have played any major role in Britain expanding its overseas empire, strengthening historians Marshall, et al. arguments regarding the significance, or lack thereof, of the role mechanization in England had in the countrys expansionist efforts. The fact remains, however, that Britain in the 19th century would become the worlds leading industrial power and India a major source of raw materials for its industry.Whats more, the subcontinen ts population of 300 million would do a vast source of revenue and a gigantic market for British-made goods. Although, the English expanded gradually in India during those first 100 long time of colonization, once the British government gained control of the countrys administration following the Indian War of Independence in 1857, India was virtually integrate into the British Empire and became its crown jewel. During the life of the Britain Empire, India was its most profitable colony. Examples of huge returns on British investments in India based on surviving avocation records are plentiful.To give two examples Binny and Co. , which was founded in 1799 with 50,000 rupees in capital, returned profits of 140,000 rupees only 12 years later and William Mackinnons Indian General steam and Navigation Co. , which began trading in 1847 and whose assets five years later were set at more than nine times the original capital of 72,000 rupees. The 1852 course catalogue of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China stated that bearing in judging the very high rate of interest which prevails in the East and the very lucrative nature of the Exchange Business a very large Annual Dividend may be looked for with certainty.British investment in India change magnitude enormously over the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. match to economist James Foreman-Peck, by the end of 1911, 373 stock companies were estimated to be carrying on business exclusively or almost exclusively in India, yet were registered elsewhere, with the second-rate size of those companies (rail panaches accounted for nearly half of the capital, and tea plantations about one-fifth) dwarfing the far more numerous 2,463 Indian-registered companies. The discrepancies mingled with the two are stark.The companies registered away(p) India had paid-up capital of 77.979 million and debentures of 45.353 million compared to 46.251 million and 6 million, respectively, for Indian-registered companies. According to Foreman-Peck, The magnitude of foreign investment and the rate of return on it, by and large defined, have been seen as a means by which empire obligate burdens on colonies and boosted the imperial nations economy. This was not an idea that could only be gleaned in hindsight. Writing at the end of the 19th century, historian Brooks Adams wrote the following Probably since the world began no investment has yielded the profit reaped from the Indian plunder.The amount of treasure wrung from the conquered people and transferred from India to English banks between Plassey and Waterloo (fifty-seven years) has been variously estimated at from $2,500,000,000 to $5,000,000,000. The methods of plunder and embezzlement by which every Briton in India enriched himself during the earlier history of the East India Company gradually passed away, but the drain did not pass away. The difference between the earlier day and the present is that Indias tribute to England is obtained by indirect methods under forms of law.It was estimated by Mr.Hyndman some years ago that at least $175,000,000 is drained away every year from India without a cents return. Plunder and deficit At the time Britain established its colony on the subcontinent, the Indian economy was based predominantly on agriculture. Iyer has shown that since the Indian economy was so dependent on farming, British annexation policy focused on acquiring land with the most agricultural potential, guaranteeing that land taxation would be the East India Companys/British governments biggest source of income throughout the colonial period.In 1765-66, the East India Company had collected the equivalent of 1,470,000 and by 1790-1791, this figure had risen to 2,680,000. To ensure the land-revenue system, known as tax farming, would touch to supply money to the East India Companys treasury, the Company introduced the constant Settlement of Bengal in 1793, an agreement between it and absentee landlords, known as zaminders.through and through this policy, peasants who worked the land became the tenants of the zaminders, who, for themselves and the tax collectors, extracted as much as possible from those who courtly the land. This settlement created a class of Indian landowners loyal to the English and a division in the rural society between the tenants and landlords, which last well into the 20th century. Indian climate is characterized by the monsoon, which generally includes nine months of wry weather followed by three months of rains known as the monsoon.At least once in a decade, the monsoon fails to arrive and a drought occurs. Indians for centuries had set aside a portion of crops to ensure there would be equal nutrient in times of drought. This practice was so successful that between the 11th and 18th centuries, India experienced only 14 major shortfalls yet, from 1765-1858, when it was under East India Company control, India suffered through 1 6 major dearths, followed by an average of one famine every two years under British Colonial Office rule from 1859-1914.Under British rule during the 18th century, over 25 million Indians died of famine between 1 million between 1800 and 1825, 4 million between 1825 and 1850, 5 million between 1850 and 1875, and 15 million between 1875 and 1900 more than 30 million deaths occurred from famine between 1870 and1910. Why did tens of millions die from starvation under the East India Company and the British Raj? Why, comparatively speaking, did so many famines occur under Britains watch? Historian Laxman D.Satya argues the famines were price-induced and that timely government intervention could have prevented millions of deaths from starvation. raise intervention was minimal, however Lord Curzon acknowledged once that a famine in Indian excited no more attention in Britain than a squall on the Serpentine. Like other European imperialists in the late 18th century, Britain first throug h the East India Company followed a laissez-faire doctrine whereby government interference in the economy was imprecation in addition, famine later was seen as a natural way to control overpopulation.According to Satya, any act that would influence the prices of grains such as charity was to be either strictly monitored or discouraged. Even in the face of acute distress, relief had to be punitive and conditional. The powers that be also began using famine labor to build an infrastructure railways, roads ensuring that revenues would go along to increase, expenditures would be kept low worst of all, the new infrastructure allowed for the export of grain that could have fed the starving.Studies have shown that even in years of official famine Britain only recognized three periods of famine there was never a shortage of food grains. The problem was that with prices for grains so high and wages stagnant, most people could not afford to buy them. As an example, during the Indian Famine of 1887-88, nearly 44 percent of total exports from Berar, one of the hardest hit provinces, were food grains. Between 1874 and 1903 the province exported an average over 40 tons of grain, and Satya has shown that this could have amounted for nearly 30. pounds of food per person.Historian and social beholder Mike Davis has cited even evidence that grains were exported to Europe for speculative trading while millions were dying of starvation. Since the primary concern for the government was maximizing returns on investments, it didnt prioritize famine relief, considering those expenditures wasteful therefore, relief camps were deliberately kept in remote locations and beyond the reach of the physically weakened population. Whats more, people seeking relief were required to work on colonial projects as a condition for receiving food as little as 16-22 ounces of food for a minimum of nine-10 hours of often grueling labor Fearing that Indian nationalists would take to the news papers in general, the government had a comparatively lax policy toward the press the Raj implemented tight press control through various laws including the newspaper Act of 1908 and the Indian Press Act of 1910.Its important to note that despite these and other attempts at press censorship, a large number of vernacular newspapers were published throughout the country and played an integral role in creating a nationalist/political consciousness in India.